13 Vibration and Shock Problems of Civil Engineering Structures Priyan Mendis

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University of Melbourne

Tuan Ngo University of Melbourne

13.1 Introduction ....................................................................... 13-2

13.2 Earthquake-Induced Vibration of Structures .................. 13-3

Seismicity and Ground Motions † Influence of Local Site

Conditions † Response of Structures to Ground

Motions † Dynamic Analysis † Earthquake Response

Spectra † Design Philosophy and the Code Approach †

Analysis Options for Earthquake Effects †

Soil – Structure Interaction † Active and Passive

Control Systems † Worked Examples

13.3 Dynamic Effects of Wind Loading on Structures ........... 13-22

Introduction † Wind Speed † Design Structures for

Wind Loading † Along and Across-Wind Loading †

Wind Tunnel Tests † Comfort Criteria: Human Response

to Building Motion † Dampers † Comparison with

Earthquake Loading

13.4 Vibrations Due to Fluid – Structure Interaction .............. 13-33

Added Mass and Inertial Coupling † Wave-Induced

Vibration of Structure

13.5 Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures ................. 13-34

Explosions and Blast Phenomenon † Explosive Air-Blast

Loading † Gas Explosion Loading and Effect of Internal

Explosions † Structural Response to Blast Loading †

Material Behaviors at High Strain Rate † Failure Modes

of Blast-Loaded Structures † Blast Wave – Structure

Interaction † Effect of Ground Shocks † Technical

Design Manuals for Blast-Resistant Design † Computer

Programs for Blast and Shock Effects

13.6 Impact loading ................................................................... 13-47

Structural Impact between Two Bodies — Hard Impact

and Soft Impact † Example — Aircraft Impact

13.7 Floor Vibration ................................................................... 13-51

Introduction † Types of Vibration † Natural Frequency

of Vibration † Vibration Caused by Walking † Design

for Rhythmic Excitation † Example — Vibration

Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Floor

Summary

This chapter provides a concise guide to vibration theory, sources of dynamic loading and effects on structures,

options for dynamic analyses, and methods of vibration control. Section 13.1 gives an introduction to

13-1

© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

different types of dynamic loads. Section 13.2 covers the basic theory underlying earthquake engineering and

seismic design. In this section, seismic codes and standards are reviewed including American, British, and European

practices. Active and passive control systems for seismic mitigation are also discussed. This section contains

analytical and design examples on seismic analysis and building response to earthquakes. Section 13.3 introduces

the nature of wind loading, dynamic effects, and the basic principles of wind design. This section includes formulae,

charts, graphs, and tables on both static and dynamic approaches for designing structures to resist wind loads.

Types of dampers to reduce vibration in tall buildings under wind loads are also introduced. Section 13.4 gives a

brief overview of vibration due to fluid – structure interaction. Section 13.5 extensively covers the effects of explosion

on structures. An explanation of the nature of explosions and the mechanism of blast waves in free air is given.

This section also introduces different methods to estimate blast loads and structural response. Section 13.6 deals

with the impact loading. An analytical example of aircraft impact on a building is given. Section 13.7 looks in detail

at the problems of floor vibration. Charts and tables are given for designing floor slabs to avoid excessive vibrations.

A comprehensive list of references is provided.

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