16 Signal Conditioning and Modification Clarence W. de Silva

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The University of British Columbia

16.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 16-2

16.2 Amplifiers ............................................................................. 16-2

Operational Amplifier † Use of Feedback in Opamp †

Voltage, Current, and Power Amplifiers † Instrumentation

Amplifiers † Amplifier Performance Ratings †

Component Interconnection

16.3 Analog Filters ....................................................................... 16-15

Passive Filters and Active Filters † Low-Pass Filters †

High-Pass Filters † Band-Pass Filters † Band-Reject Filters

16.4 Modulators and Demodulators ......................................... 16-29

Amplitude Modulation † Application of Amplitude

Modulation † Demodulation

16.5 Analog – Digital Conversion ............................................... 16-37

Digital-to-Analog Conversion † Analog-to-Digital

Conversion † Analog-to-Digital Converter Performance

Characteristics † Sample-and-Hold Circuitry † Digital Filters

16.6 Bridge Circuits ..................................................................... 16-43

Wheatstone Bridge † Constant-Current Bridge † Bridge

Amplifiers † Impedance Bridges

16.7 Linearizing Devices ............................................................. 16-49

Linearization by Software † Linearization by Hardware

Logic † Analog Linearizing Circuitry † Offsetting

Circuitry † Proportional-Output Circuitry

16.8 Miscellaneous Signal Modification Circuitry ................... 16-56

Phase Shifters † Voltage-to-Frequency Converter †

Frequency-to-Voltage Converter † Voltage-to-Current

Converters † Peak-Hold Circuits

16.9 Signal Analyzers and Display Devices ............................... 16-62

Signal Analyzers † Oscilloscopes

Summary

This chapter concerns the conditioning of signals in a vibrating system and the conversion of signals in one form

to another as needed. Amplification, filtering, modulation, demodulation, analog/digital conversion, voltage/

frequency conversion, voltage/current conversion, linearization, bridge circuits, and signal analysis and display

devices are presented. Hardware, software, and techniques are considered. Issues of impedance and loading

associated with the interconnection of components are addressed.

16-1

© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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