34 Vibration in Rotating Machinery

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H. Sam Samarasekera

Sulzer Pumps (Canada), Inc.

34.1 Introduction .................................................................... 34-1

History of Vibration in Rotating Machinery

34.2 Vibration Basics .............................................................. 34-6

Forced Vibration † Self-Excited Vibration † Parametric

Instability † Torsional Vibration

34.3 Rotordynamic Analysis .................................................. 34-18

Analysis Methods † Modeling † Design

34.4 Vibration Measurement and Techniques ..................... 34-39

Units of Measurement † Measured Parameters and

Methods

34.5 Vibration Control and Diagnostics .............................. 34-39

Standards and Guidelines † Vibration Cause

Identification † Vibration Analysis — Case Study

Summary

This chapter concerns vibration in rotating machinery. Although it is impractical to totally eliminate such

vibrations, it is essential that they be controlled to within acceptable limits for safe and reliable operation of

such machines. The two major categories of vibration phenomena that occur in rotating machinery are forced

vibration and self-excited instability. Monitoring, diagnosis and control of these vibrations requires a sound

understanding of rotor dynamics in machinery. Predicting the vibration behavior of a rotating machine by

analytical means has become customary in many industries. With the advent of computer technology, several

computer-based programs have been developed to accurately predict the behavior of rotating machinery.

Significant strides in modeling techniques have also been made over the past century to accurately represent

components such as shaft sections, disks, impellers, bearings, seals, rotor dampers, and rotor – stator

interactions. This has enhanced the accuracy and reliability of both analytical and computational procedures.

The chapter presents useful techniques of analysis, measurement, diagnosis, and control of vibration in

rotating machinery.

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