Preface

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With individual chapters authored by distinguished leaders and experienced professionals in their

respective topics, this handbook provides engineers, technicians, designers, researchers, educators, and

students with a convenient, thorough, up-to-date, and authoritative reference source on techniques,

tools, and data for modeling, analysis, design, monitoring, instrumentation, modification, and control of

vibration, shock, noise, and acoustics. The handbook consists of 45 chapters, grouped into nine sections.

In these sections, the following are considered: fundamentals and analytical techniques; computer

techniques, tools, and signal analysis including finite element methods and wavelet analysis and the use of

MATLABw toolboxes; shock and vibration methodologies, particularly for civil and mechanical

engineering systems; instrumentation and testing methods, including sensors, exciters, signal acquisition,

conditioning, and recording, and LabVIEWw tools for virtual instrumentation; vibration suppression,

damping, and control; monitoring and diagnosis; design for and control of seismic vibration, and related

regulatory issues; system design, application, and control implementation; and acoustics and noise

suppression. Important information and results are summarized as windows, tables, graphs, and lists

throughout the chapters for easy reference and information tracking. References are given at the end of

each chapter for further information and study. An extensive glossary, which defines useful technical

terms in the fields of vibration, shock, and acoustics, is provided at the end of the handbook. Crossreferencing

is used throughout to indicate other places in the handbook where further information on a

particular topic is provided.

In the handbook, equal emphasis is given to theory and practical application. The chapters are

grouped into fundamentals, basic theory, advanced theory, analytical techniques, numerical techniques,

experimental techniques, design methodology, practical problems and solutions, applications, regulatory

considerations, and useful data. Analytical formulations, numerical methods, design approaches, control

techniques, and commercial software tools are presented and illustrated. Commercial equipment,

computer hardware, and instrumentation are described, analyzed, and demonstrated for field

application, practical implementation, and experimentation. Examples and case studies are given

throughout the handbook to illustrate the use and application of the included information. The material

is presented in a format that is convenient for easy reference and recollection.

Mechanical vibration is a manifestation of oscillatory behavior in mechanical systems, as a result of

either the repetitive interchange of kinetic and potential energies among components in the system, or a

forcing excitation that is oscillatory. Such oscillatory responses are not limited to purely mechanical

systems, and are found in electrical and fluid systems as well. In purely thermal systems, however, free

natural oscillations are not possible, and an oscillatory excitation is needed to obtain an oscillatory

response. Shock is vibration caused by brief, abrupt, and typically high-intensity excitations. Sound,

noise, and acoustics are manifestations of pressure waves, sources of which are often vibratory dynamic

systems.

Low levels of vibration mean reduced noise and an improved work environment. Vibration

modification and control can be crucial in maintaining high performance and production efficiency, and

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© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

prolonging the useful life in industrial machinery. Consequently, a considerable effort is devoted today to

studying and controlling the vibration and shock generated by machinery components, machine tools,

transit vehicles, impact processes, civil engineering structures, fluid flow systems, and aircraft. Noise and

acoustic problems can originate from undesirable vibrations and fluid – structure interactions, as found,

for example, in automobile engines. Engine noise, environmental noise, and noise from high-speed and

high-temperature exhaust gases in a vehicle will not only cause passenger discomfort and public

annoyance, they will also result in damaging effects to the vehicle itself. Noise-suppression methods and

devices, and sound-absorption material and structures are crucial in such situations. Before designing or

controlling a system for good vibratory or acoustic performance, it is important to understand, analyze,

and represent the dynamic characteristics of the system. This may be accomplished through purely

analytical means, computer analysis of analytical models, testing and analysis of test data, or by a

combination of these approaches. It follows that modeling, analysis, testing, and design are all important

aspects of study in vibration, shock, and acoustics.

In recent years, educators, researchers, and practitioners have devoted considerable effort toward

studying and controlling vibration, shock, and noise in a range of applications in various branches of

engineering, particularly in civil, mechanical, aeronautical and aerospace, and production and

manufacturing engineering. Specific applications are found in machine tools, transit vehicles, impact

processes, civil engineering structures, construction machinery, industrial processes, product qualification

and quality control, fluid flow systems, ships, and aircraft. This handbook is a contribution toward

these efforts. In view of the analytical methods, practical considerations, design issues, and experimental

techniques that are presented throughout the handbook, and in view of the simplified and snap-shot style

presentation of formulas, data, and advanced theory, the handbook serves as a useful reference tool and

an extensive information source for engineers and technicians in industry and laboratories, researchers,

instructors, and students in the areas of vibration, shock, noise, and acoustics.

Clarence W. de Silva

Editor-in-Chief

Vancouver

vi Preface

© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my gratitude to the authors of the chapters for their valuable and highly professional

contributions. The assistance of my research engineer, Jian Zhang, in some graphics and formatting of

the handbook was quite valuable. I am very grateful to Cindy Renee Carelli, Acquisitions Editor-

Engineering, CRC Press, for her enthusiasm, characteristic vigor, and support throughout the project.

The editorial and production staff at CRC Press and its affiliates, particularly Jessica Vakili, and

Carol Cooper have done an excellent job in getting this handbook in print. Finally, I wish to lovingly

acknowledge the patience and understanding of my family.

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© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Editor-in-Chief

Clarence W. de Silva, P. Eng., Fellow ASME and Fellow IEEE, is Professor of Mechanical

Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, and has occupied the NSERC

Research Chair in Industrial Automation since 1988. He has earned Ph.D. degrees from Massachusetts

Institute of Technology (1978) and Cambridge University, England (1998). De Silva has also occupied the

Mobil Endowed Chair Professorship in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the

National University of Singapore. He has served as a consultant to several companies, including IBM and

Westinghouse in the U.S., and has led the development of six industrial machines. He is recipient of the

Killam Research Prize, Outstanding Engineering Educator Award of the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Canada, Education Award of the Dynamic Systems and Control Division of

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Lifetime Achievement Award of the World

Automation Congress, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, Meritorious Achievement Award of the

Association of Professional Engineers of BC, and the Outstanding Contribution Award of the Systems,

Man, and Cybernetics Society of the IEEE. As well as editing or coediting 12 volumes, he has authored or

coauthored 16 technical books, over 150 journal papers, and about 200 conference papers and

book chapters. He has served on the editorial boards of 12 international journals, in particular as the

Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Control and Intelligent Systems, Editor-in-Chief of the

International Journal of Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems, Senior Technical Editor of

Measurements and Control, and Regional Editor, North America, of Engineering Applications of Artificial

Intelligence — the International Journal of Intelligent Real-Time Automation. He is a Lilly Fellow, Senior

Fulbright Fellow to Cambridge University, Fellow of the Advanced Systems Institute of British Columbia,

and a Killam Fellow.

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© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Contributors

xi

S. Akishita

Ritsumeikan University

Kusatsu, Japan

Haym Benaroya

Rutgers University

Piscataway, NJ

Su Huan Chen

Jilin University

Changchun, P.R. China

M. Dabestani

Furlong Research Foundation

London, UK

Marie D. Dahleh

Harvard University

Cambridge, MA

Kourosh Danai

University of Massachusetts

Amherst, MA

Chris “Flip” DeFilippo

National Instruments

Austin, TX

Clarence W. de Silva

The University of British

Columbia

Vancouver, BC, Canada

Ibrahim Esat

Brunel University

Middlesex, UK

Ebrahim Esmailzadeh

University of Ontario

Oshawa, ON, Canada

Giuseppe Failla

Universita` degli Studi

Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria

Italy

Mohamed S. Gadala

The University of British Columbia

Vancouver, BC, Canada

Seon M. Han

Texas Tech University

Lubbock, TX

P.S. Heyns

University of Pretoria

Pretoria, South Africa

Cheng Huang

National Research Council of Canada

Vancouver, Canada

S. Huang

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Hirokazu Iemura

Kyoto University

Kyoto, Japan

Sarvesh Kumar Jain

Madhav Institute of Technology and

Science

Madhya Pradesh, India

Nader Jalili

Clemson University

Clemson, SC

Takayuki Koizumi

Doshisha University

Kyoto-Hu, Japan

Christian Lalanne

Engineering Consultant

Jalles, France

Robert G. Landers

University of Missouri at Rolla

Rolla, MO

T.H. Lee

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Y.P. Leow

Singapore Institute of Manufacturing

Technology

Singapore

S.Y. Lim

Singapore Institute of Manufacturing

Technology

Singapore

Jiahao Lin

Dalian University of Technology

Liaoning, P.R. China

W. Lin

Singapore Institute of Manufacturing

Technology

Singapore

L.Y. Lu

National Kaohsiung First University

of Science and Technology

Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Chris K. Mechefske

Queen’s University

Kingston, ON, Canada

Priyan Mendis

University of Melbourne

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Y.L. Mo

University of Houston

Houston, TX

Kiyoshi Nagakura

Railway Technical Research Institute

Tokyo-To, Japan

Tuan Ngo

University of Melbourne

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Teruo Obata

Teikyo University

Totigi-Ken, Japan

Kiyoshi Okura

Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd.

Hyogo-Ken, Japan

Randall D. Peters

Mercer University

Macon, GA

Mulyo Harris Pradono

Kyoto University

Kyoto, Japan

Nikolaos P. Politis

Rice University

Houston, TX

H. Sam Samarasekera

Sulzer Pumps (Canada), Inc.

Burnaby, BC, Canada

C. Scheffer

University of Stellenbosch

Pretoria, South Africa

Michael Sedlak

National Instruments

Austin, TX

Zhong-Sheng Liu

National Research Council of

Canada

Vancouver, Canada

Datong Song

National Research Council of Canada

Vancouver, Canada

Pol D. Spanos

Rice University

Houston, TX

K.K. Tan

National University of Singapore

Singapore

K.Z. Tang

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Y.B. Yang

National Taiwan University

Taipei, Taiwan

J.D. Yau

Tamkang University

Taipei, Taiwan

Yahui Zhang

Dalian University of Technology

Liaoning, P.R. China

xii Contributors

© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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